OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access control enforces policies to ensure users cannot exceed their intended permissions. Failures in this area typically result in unauthorized information disclosure, data modification or destruction, or the execution of business functions outside the user's authorized scope.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - This occurs when a system, application, or cloud service is incorrectly configured from a security standpoint, creating exploitable vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These are breakdowns or compromises in the software building, distribution, or updating process. They are frequently caused by vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or other dependencies that the system relies upon.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Generally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Previous challenges, such as CPU performance and private key/certificate management, are now mitigated by CPUs featuring instructions designed to accelerate encryption (e.g., AES support) and simplified key management services like LetsEncrypt.org. Major cloud vendors also offer tightly integrated certificate management services for their platforms. Beyond the transport layer, it is crucial to identify data requiring encryption at rest and data needing additional encryption in transit (at the application layer, OSI layer 7). Sensitive data, such as passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets, requires enhanced protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or regulations such as the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability is a system flaw that permits an attacker to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into a program’s input fields. This tricks the system into executing the injected code as if it were legitimate part of the system, potentially leading to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design is a broad category representing various weaknesses, characterized as “missing or ineffective control design.” It is distinct from the other Top Ten risk categories. It is important to differentiate between insecure design and insecure implementation, as they have different root causes, occur at different stages of the development process, and require different remediations. A secure design may still suffer from implementation defects leading to exploitable vulnerabilities. Conversely, an insecure design cannot be corrected by perfect implementation, as the necessary security controls were never initially created to defend against specific attacks. A key contributor to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling inherent in the software or system, leading to a failure to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker can successfully trick a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These failures relate to code and infrastructure that fail to prevent invalid or untrusted code or data from being treated as trusted and valid. For example, an application relying on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or content delivery networks (CDNs) is at risk. An insecure CI/CD pipeline lacking software integrity checks can introduce potential for unauthorized access, insecure or malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD process that pulls code or artifacts from untrusted places and/or fails to verify them before use (such as by checking signatures or using similar mechanisms).

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches remain undetected. Furthermore, without effective alerting, responding quickly and effectively during a security incident is extremely difficult. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting capabilities to initiate active responses represent a critical gap.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - This occurs when programs fail to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual and unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, or vulnerabilities. This typically involves one or more of the following failings: the application does not prevent an unusual situation from occurring, it fails to identify the situation as it happens, and/or it responds poorly or not at all to the situation afterwards.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures, such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and input escaping

Insecure Design
- Exploration of design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation
- Study of strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, including multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early