OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access control mechanisms enforce policies ensuring users can only act within their intended permissions. Failures in this area often result in unauthorized data disclosure, modification, or destruction, or allow users to perform business functions beyond their limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - This occurs when a system, application, or cloud service is improperly configured from a security standpoint, thereby creating vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These failures involve breakdowns or compromises in the processes of building, distributing, or updating software. They frequently stem from vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or dependencies upon which the system relies.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Generally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Modern CPUs now include instructions designed to accelerate encryption (such as AES support), and services like LetsEncrypt.org have simplified private key and certificate management. Cloud vendors also offer tightly integrated certificate management for their platforms. Beyond securing the transport layer, it is crucial to identify what data requires encryption at rest and what needs additional encryption in transit (at the application layer, OSI layer 7). Sensitive data, such as passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets, requires extra protection, particularly if subject to privacy laws like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or regulations such as the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability allows an attacker to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into a program's input fields. This tricks the system into executing the code as if it were legitimate, potentially leading to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design encompasses various weaknesses, described as "missing or ineffective control design." It is not the sole source of all other Top Ten risks. There is a distinct difference between insecure design and insecure implementation. We differentiate between design flaws and implementation defects because they have different root causes, occur at different stages of development, and require different remediations. A secure design can still contain implementation defects leading to vulnerabilities, whereas an insecure design cannot be fixed by perfect implementation because the necessary security controls were never created to defend against specific attacks. A contributing factor to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling inherent in the software or system being developed, leading to an inability to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker can trick a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These failures relate to code and infrastructure that fails to protect against invalid or untrusted code or data being treated as trusted. For instance, if an application relies on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, or content delivery networks (CDNs), it is vulnerable. An insecure CI/CD pipeline that lacks software integrity checks can introduce unauthorized access or malicious code. Another example involves CI/CD processes that pull code or artifacts from untrusted locations without verifying them before use (e.g., by checking signatures).

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches cannot be detected. Without alerting, it is difficult to respond quickly and effectively during a security incident. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting occurs whenever these elements are neglected.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - This occurs when software fails to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual or unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, and sometimes vulnerabilities. This may involve one or more of the following failures: the application does not prevent the unusual situation, does not identify it as it happens, or responds poorly or not at all afterwards.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and escaping inputs

Insecure Design
- We'll explore design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, like improper input validation
- We'll study strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, like multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early